• PQQ
  Synonym: 4,5-Dihydro-4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo [2,3-f] quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylic
  Formula: C14H6N2O8
  Mass: 330.0124
  CAS No.: 72909-34-3

• Introduction
  Appearance: Brown-red lyophilized mass or powder
  Purity: PQQ more than 98% (measured by RP-HPLC)
  Microbe: Microbiological test <500 cfu/g
  Fungus test <50 cfu/g
  Coliform population not detectable

• Research History
  1979 Discovered. Nature 280 (5725): 843-4.
  1989 Nutritional importance. Science 245 (4920): 850-2.
  1991Reactive oxygen elimination. Pergamon Press. 511-513.
  1993 Protect liver injury caused by CCl4. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 8(4): 342-7.
  2003 PQQ should be classified as a new B vitamin. Nature. 422 (6934): 832.
  2004 Reduce infarct size. Cardiocasc Pharmacol Ther. 18 (6): 421-31.
  2006 Neuroprotectant. Brain Res. 1094 (1): 200-6.

• Biological activity and function
  Necessary growth factor and nutriment
  Heat protection
  Neuro system protection
  Liver protection
  Increasing mitochondrial function
  Free radical elimination
  Assistant excretion of heavy-metal
  PQQ in Natrual Products
  unit:ug/kg or ug/L??

Fruits		Vegetables		Legumes		Fermented Foods		Animal products
Apple	6	Cabbage	16	Broad beans	18	Cocoa powder	800	Human milk	140-180
Kiwifruit	27	Carrot	17
								Cows milk	3.4
Oranges	7	Celery	6
Papaya	27	Green pepper	28	Soybeans	9	Natto (Fermented Soybeans)	61	Egg yolk	7
Tomatoes	9	Parsley	34					Egg white	4.1
		Green Tea	30

 

 

 

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From: ADVANCES in orthomolecular research 23-27

• Application

Food additive	Health food	Medication
Antioxidant in food	Anti-fatigue	Nervous system diseases
Nutritional enhancer	Anti-aging	Heart diseases
Multi-vitamin tablets	Lead poisoning	Liver diseases